System under test

On a higher level you can have a variety that is based on something like this:

However, on a lower level, you probably test something like a module or a new functionality...

On a even lower level, you probably test something like a bug of that module or new functionality...

Once you have decided what is going to be tested, where the focus will be on, then you can determine what amount of attention it will get
And next how you are going to test it.
And this whole System(s), big Module, average Functionality or small bug can be systematically checked in the Definition of Done.